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ESO:  Principles of Clinical Biochemistry | Examples of Biochemical Aids to Clinical Diagnosis Diagnostic enzymology is routinely used to discriminate between several forms of liver disease, including: • Hepatitis : General inflammation of the liver most commonly caused by viral infection, but which may also be a consequence of blood poisoning (septicaemia) or glandular fever. Acute  hepatitis can show a marked increase (60-fold) in aminotransferases over a few days before returning to normal. • Cirrhosis : A general destruction of the liver cells and their replacement by fibrous  tissue. It is most commonly caused by excess alcohol intake, but is also a result of prolonged hepatitis, various autoimmune diseases and genetic conditions. Enzyme activity may only be mildly elevated when chronic liver damage is present. • Malignancy : Primary and Secondary tumours. • Cholestasis : The prevention of bile from reaching the gut either due to blockage of the bile duct by gallsto...

By ExamStarOne CRISPR / cas9 - Based Genome Editing One major gene editing system is CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) involving RNA-guided engineered nucleases. The system was first identified as an adaptive immunity pathway in prokaryotes providing resistance to bacterial phage and analogous to the RNA interference process found in eukaryotes. It has since been modified and adapted for the engineering of genomes.   Essentially, CRISPR may be thought of as a programmable restriction enzyme system. It utilises double-stranded sequence-specific breaks and repair using HDR (homology directed repair) via homologous recombination. The availability of a vast amount of sequence information has allowed the development of the system into an essential molecular biology technique.   The system consists of two parts, a short synthetic guide RNA ( gRNA ) and a non-specific double-stranded endonuclease termed Cas9 (Cas: C RISPR- as sociated). Th...

ExamStarOne | GATE 2021 | XL | Exam Questions Q. 010: Which one of the following amino acids has three ionizable groups? a) Glycine b) Valine c) Leucine d) Lysine ---- [GATE 2017] Ans. D. - Lysine   Lysine

ExamStarOne | GATE 2021 | EY | Exam Questions Q.2  Of the following, which one is the most direct measure of Darwinian fitness? (A) Adult body size (B) Lifetime reproductive success (C) Lifespan (D) Maximum sprint speed ANSWER: (B) Lifetime reproductive success GATE – EY – 2021 ---------------------------------------- Q.3 The marginal value theorem in optimal foraging theory examines which one of the following foraging decisions? (A) How long to stay in a patch of food (B) How to allocate time to foraging versus reproduction (C) How to minimise risk while foraging (D) How to select between different food types within a patch ANSWER: (A) How long to stay in a patch of food GATE – EY – 2021 ---------------------------------------- Q.4 Which one of the following shows the highest degree of endemism? (A) Birds of the Himalayas (B) Mammals of central India (C) Frogs of the Western Ghats (D) Trees of the Gangetic basin ANSWER:  (C) Frogs of the Western Ghats GATE – EY – 2021 -------...

ExamStarOne - GATE 2021 EY Questions Q-3:  For a regular polygon having 10 sides, the interior angle between the sides of the polygon, in degrees, is:  (A) 396  (B) 324  (C) 216  (D) 144 ANSWER: (D) 144 GATE – EY – 2021   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q.8 Let X be a continuous random variable denoting the temperature measured. The range of temperature is [0, 100] degree Celsius and let the probability density function of X be f(x) = 0.01 for 0 < X< 100. The mean of X is  (A) 2.5  (B) 5.0  (C) 25.0  (D) 50.0 ANSWER: (D) 50.0 GATE – EY – 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q.1 Animal species can vary in whether dispersal is more likely among male offspring (male-biased), female offspring (female-biased), or similar between the sexes. Dispersal in birds and mammals is most commonly  (A) female-biased and male-biased, respecti...